BA Languages and Cultures (Middle East, Africa, South and Southeast Asia)

This module is designed to equip first-year students of languages and linguistics with the tools they need to succeed in the acquisition and study of language, throughout the course of their time at SOAS, and beyond into their post-study careers.

This module introduces students to key topics in global linguistic diversity, enabling students to put into a global context the language, region or culture that their degree programme focuses on.

This module is designed to introduce all first-year students of Languages and Cultures to ideas, theories and examples of the representation of Otherness. The overall aim is to introduce a greater degree of awareness and self-reflection in relation to their own study of “other” cultures. The module begins by inviting students to consider their own experiences of “Otherness” that they bring to their interest in the geographical region on which they are focussed. What experiences, for example, of travel to other countries and engagement with other cultures and people from those cultures do they have. And how have these experiences shaped their understandings? What differences exist between the categories of tourist, traveller and student. The module then goes on to introduce key terms and ideas that will be used to structure the subsequent discussions in the module.

In this module, students will begin their studies of the areas of Asia, Africa and the Middle East. The module will use the city-spaces and urban life of London to begin to engage with cultures from these regions as they are transported and transformed as they find roots in this post-imperial centre.

This module provides a critical introduction to the film and screen cultures of Asia, Africa and the Middle East. Approaching film in terms of cultural identity and self-expression, this module will place screened films within a general framework of national tradition and identity and provide a platform for students to reflect on the unity and diversity of the human condition across different regions. A selection of 21st century films will be explored within their cultural, social and political context of production, exhibition and reception, and students will be guided to reflect on different functions of cinema.

This module will explore genres such as the oral epic, the graphic novel, puppet theatre, and internet literature with particular attention to the ways that texts interact with other forms of expression from music and dance to the visual arts. Each of the stories studied will be presented in its cultural context, and connections between cultures will be interrogated in an effort to solidify conceptions of the universal and the local.

The module aims to develop students’ language skills through grammar work, translation, prose composition, and conversation at the lower-intermediate level. Previous knowledge of the language is consolidated and developed by further class work on linguistic structures, sentence construction, and conversation. Students are introduced to a wide range of language using diverse materials from contexts such as journalism, literature, recorded conversations, social media and so forth. Regular homework tasks reinforce the class learning, encouraging students to read, write and speak the language with more accuracy and confidence.

The module aims to develop students’ language skills through grammar work, translation, prose composition, and conversation at the intermediate level. Previous knowledge of the language is consolidated and developed by further class work on linguistic structures, sentence construction, and conversation. Students are introduced to a wide range of language using diverse materials from contexts such as journalism, literature, recorded conversations, social media and so forth. Regular homework tasks reinforce the class learning, encouraging students to read, write and speak the language with more accuracy and confidence.

The module aims to develop students’ language skills through grammar work, translation, prose composition, and conversation at the lower-intermediate level. Previous knowledge of the language is consolidated and developed by further class work on linguistic structures, sentence construction, and conversation. Students are introduced to a wide range of language using diverse materials from contexts such as journalism, literature, recorded conversations, social media and so forth. Regular homework tasks reinforce the class learning, encouraging students to read, write and speak the language with more accuracy and confidence.

The module aims to expand upon the level of Amharic attained in Amharic I by exposing students to a variety of different styles of language and language contexts. Through materials drawn from newspapers, magazines, traditional folk-tales and simple fictional literature, students will expand grammatical and vocabulary competence. Skills in using the target language are further enhanced through regular translation and free-composition exercises, as well as regular weekly conversation classes to advance oral and aural skills in the language. Students are also introduced to elementary grammatical description and analysis of the language, and are expected to make use of a prescribed reference grammar.

The module aims to develop students’ language skills through grammar work, translation, prose composition, and conversation at the intermediate level. Previous knowledge of the language is consolidated and developed by further class work on linguistic structures, sentence construction, and conversation. Students are introduced to a wide range of language using diverse materials from contexts such as journalism, literature, recorded conversations, social media and so forth. Regular homework tasks reinforce the class learning, encouraging students to read, write and speak the language with more accuracy and confidence.

The module aims to expand upon the level of Amharic attained in Amharic I by exposing students to a variety of different styles of language and language contexts. Through materials drawn from newspapers, magazines, traditional folk-tales and simple fictional literature, students will expand grammatical and vocabulary competence. Skills in using the target language are further enhanced through regular translation and free-composition exercises, as well as regular weekly conversation classes to advance oral and aural skills in the language. Students are also introduced to elementary grammatical description and analysis of the language, and are expected to make use of a prescribed reference grammar.

The module aims to develop students’ language skills through grammar work, translation, prose composition, and conversation at the intermediate level. Previous knowledge of the language is consolidated and developed by further class work on linguistic structures, sentence construction, and conversation. Students are introduced to a wide range of language using diverse materials from contexts such as journalism, literature, recorded conversations, social media and so forth. Regular homework tasks reinforce the class learning, encouraging students to read, write and speak the language with more accuracy and confidence.

The aim of the module is to deepen the student’s awareness of Swahili through the study of texts, visual and audio productions which belong to, and are produced in, both written and oral contexts. Students will examine the use of language in the society. Themes explored include politics, religion, popular culture, literature and translation. By the end of the module, a student should have acquired an excellent understanding Swahili language and culture.

This module is based on directed studies on a topic agreed with the supervisor. The topic should be related to language policy, language history, cultural background, or linguistic background of a specific language area.

This module is based on directed studies on a topic agreed with the supervisor. The topic should be related to language policy, language history, cultural background, or linguistic background of a specific language area.

This is a basic language acquisition module for students who have already studied the Language A equivalent in the previous term, or who have equivalent knowledge. Students are therefore assumed to have some basic knowledge of the language or its script. This module develops knowledge of some of the several basic constructions of the language, enabling students to develop their skills in reading, writing, comprehension and speaking. Successful students will gain the ability to read and write simple texts, and communicate on everyday topics. Emphasis will be placed on good pronunciation and on the social and linguistic conventions of everyday conversation.

This is a basic language acquisition module for students who have already studied the Language A equivalent in the previous term, or who have equivalent knowledge. Students are therefore assumed to have some basic knowledge of the language or its script. This module develops knowledge of some of the several basic constructions of the language, enabling students to develop their skills in reading, writing, comprehension and speaking. Successful students will gain the ability to read and write simple texts, and communicate on everyday topics. Emphasis will be placed on good pronunciation and on the social and linguistic conventions of everyday conversation.

This is an introductory language acquisition module for absolute beginners in the written and spoken language; students are not assumed to have any previous knowledge of the language or its script. The module covers several basic constructions of the language, enabling students to acquire basic skills in reading, writing, comprehension and speaking. Successful students will gain the ability to read and write short simple texts, and communicate on simple everyday topics. Emphasis will be placed on good pronunciation and on the social and linguistic conventions of everyday conversation.

This is a basic language acquisition module for students who have already studied the language 1A equivalent in the previous term, or who have equivalent knowledge. Students are therefore assumed to have some basic knowledge of the language or its script. This module develops knowledge of some of the several basic constructions of the language, enabling students to develop their skills in reading, writing, comprehension and speaking. Successful students will gain the ability to read and write simple texts, and communicate on everyday topics. Emphasis will be placed on good pronunciation and on the social and linguistic conventions of everyday conversation.

This is a basic introductory language acquisition module for absolute beginners in the written and spoken language; students are not assumed to have any previous knowledge of the language or its script. The module covers several basic constructions of the language, enabling students to acquire basic skills in reading, writing, comprehension and speaking.

This is a basic language acquisition module for students who have already studied the Language A equivalent in the previous term, or who have equivalent knowledge. It develops knowledge of some of the several basic constructions of the language, enabling students to develop their skills in reading, writing, comprehension and speaking.

This module covers several basic constructions of the language, enabling students to acquire basic skills in reading, writing, comprehension and speaking. Successful students will gain the ability to read and write short simple texts, and communicate on simple everyday topics.

This module develops knowledge of some of the several basic constructions of the language, enabling students to develop their skills in reading, writing, comprehension and speaking. Successful students will gain the ability to read and write simple texts, and communicate on everyday topics.

The module covers several basic constructions of the language, enabling students to acquire basic skills in reading, writing, comprehension and speaking. Emphasis will be placed on good pronunciation and on the social and linguistic conventions of everyday conversation.

This module develops knowledge of several basic constructions of the language, enabling students to develop their skills in reading, writing, comprehension and speaking. Emphasis will be placed on good pronunciation and on the social and linguistic conventions of everyday conversation.

This is a basic introductory language acquisition module for absolute beginners in the written and spoken language; students are not assumed to have any previous knowledge of the language. The module covers several basic constructions of the language, enabling students to acquire basic skills in reading, writing, comprehension and speaking. Successful students will gain the ability to read and write short simple texts and communicate on simple everyday topics.

Persian 1 B

Hebrew.

Hebrew.

Bengali Language 1

Bengali Language 1 B

Hindi Language.

The module covers all the major tenses and significant grammatical constructions of the language, enabling successful students to develop their skills in reading, writing, comprehension and speaking.

Urdu Language.

Urdu Language.

This is a basic introductory language acquisition module for absolute beginners in the the language; students are not assumed to have any previous knowledge of the language or its script. The module covers several basic constructions of the language, enabling students to acquire basic skills in reading, writing,and comprehension. Successful students will gain the ability to read simple original texts and to write short simple sentences.

Sanskrit Language 1 B

Indonesian Language.

This module develops knowledge of some of the several basic constructions of the language, enabling students to develop their skills in reading, writing, comprehension and speaking. Successful students will gain the ability to read and write simple texts, and communicate on everyday topics.

Vietnamese Language.

Vietnamese Language.

Burmese Language 1 A

Burmese Language 1 B

The module covers several basic constructions of the language, enabling students to acquire basic skills in reading, writing, comprehension and speaking.

Thai Language.

This is a basic introductory language acquisition module for absolute beginners in the written and spoken language; students are not assumed to have any previous knowledge of the language or its script. The module covers several basic constructions of the language, enabling students to acquire basic skills in reading, writing, comprehension and speaking.

Arabic 1 B

The course provides students with intermediate knowledge of Turkish and practice of using Turkish in a variety of everyday and more specialised situations, including the understanding and expression of opinions and different points of view. Texts for study are selected from newspapers and magazines, scholarly articles and literary works (short stories and excerpts from novels).

The course provides teaching and learning of intermediate level Turkish language with emphasis on practical written and spoken Turkish. The course covers complex points of word and sentence structure as well as textual relations in Turkish writing and discourse.

Ottoman Turkish Language A

Ottoman Turkish Language B

The module provides for the teaching and learning of upper-intermediate level Persian language with emphasis on practical as well as nuanced written and spoken Persian. The course introduces complex sentence structures including conditional sentences, as well as more use of abstract or technical terminology in Persian writing and discourse. By the end of this module students should be able to relate detailed experiences, as well as discuss and understand concrete and abstract topics, in both spoken and written language with ease and confidence.

The course provides for the teaching and learning of lower-intermediate level Persian language with emphasis on practical written and spoken Persian. The course introduces complex sentence structures including relative clauses, as well as more focused use of idiomatic structures in Persian writing and discourse. By the end of this module students should be able to describe experiences, events, plans, hopes and concerns in both spoken and written language with ease and confidence.

Arabic 5 A

This module aims to utilize students' knowledge of syntax to develop their ability in comprehension and grammatical analysis as well as composition and translation into Arabic. The module is based on the reading and discussion of three types of written language: various literary texts, Arabic journalism and selected texts for translation. The module also caters for the oral aspect of language learning.

This is a high advanced language acquisition course.

This is a high advanced language acquisition course.

This module is a continuation of Arabic 1 B. It completes the coverage of the grammar and syntax of Modern Standard Arabic at an intermediate level and trains students in reading, comprehending and writing with the help of a dictionary more complex Arabic sentences and passages.

This module is a continuation of Arabic 2 A. It completes the coverage of the grammar and syntax of Modern Standard Arabic at an intermediate level and trains students in reading, comprehending and writing with the help of a dictionary more complex Arabic sentences and passages.

This is an intermediate language acquisition module, and builds on knowledge acquired in Arabic 1A, Arabic 1B, Arabic 2A, and Arabic 2B. Students study authentic Arabic texts of various writing genres and gain further knowledge of grammar (syntax and structure). The module develops students' competence equally in reading, writing, listening and speaking skills.

This is an upper intermediate language acquisition module that builds on Arabic 3A, providing students with a firmer foundation in Arabic grammar, and training them in the active use of the language through writing exercises that draw on and reinforce a number of skills including knowledge of grammar, syntax, phraseology and general and specialised terminology. Writing skills will also be further built through targeted translation exercises. The module also includes an oral component where students are trained in speaking the colloquial register of the language

This module develops oral, aural, writing and reading proficiency in Modern Hebrew, with equal attention to the colloquial and the formal. All aspects of Hebrew grammar and syntax are introduced, some at a basic level, and vocabulary is enriched and enhanced by the introduction of more complicated texts from different sources and on a variety of topics.

This module develops oral, aural, writing and reading proficiency in Modern Hebrew, with equal attention to the colloquial and the formal. All aspects of Hebrew grammar and syntax are introduced, some at a basic level, and vocabulary is enriched and enhanced by the introduction of more complicated texts from different sources and on a variety of topics.

The module provides for the teaching and learning of upper-intermediate level Persian language with emphasis on practical as well as nuanced written and spoken Persian. The course introduces complex sentence structures including conditional sentences, as well as more use of abstract or technical terminology in Persian writing and discourse.

The module will be focused on the teaching and learning of Persian language at lower-advanced level with emphasis on practically competent aural and oral skills, as well as nuanced writing ability and dexterity in reading comprehension.  

The course will explore complex grammar of formal modern Persian alongside vernacular use of the language through practicing and performing a variety of tasks such as translations of intricate texts, composition and gathering of information from a wide range of material and demonstrating confident spoken interaction and production. 

This module introduces students to a range of skills: designing an independent study project laying the foundation for writing an ISP or dissertation, either in their year abroad or in their final year taking up some other form of extended research. The classes will be based very much on group work, with students encouraged to explore the issues and questions raised each week through a combination of peer discussion and shared homework exercises. Students will be encouraged to think about what makes a good research question consider different approaches to tackling their questions evaluate extant literature consider the types of sources that might be available consider how to analyse and work with data collected.

This module will examine the relationship between the city and screen cultures in Africa, the Middle East, South and Southeast Asia and beyond. In addition to examining the city from a screen studies perspective, the module will also draw on key ideas from geography, urban studies and cultural studies.

This module takes the specific topics of health, well-being, embodiment, resilience, human relations to the environment and questions of climate change and views and analyses them through the lens of culture studies. The module is team taught by lectures with expertise in language-based cultural studies with reference to Asia, Africa and the Middle East, whose research and teaching incorporates a focus on areas of health and well-being such as HIV-AIDS, cancer, Covid-19, public health discourses and their relation to difference cultural perspectives on embodiment. The module interweaves these concerns into the study of the need for human resilience in response to current global crises, first and foremost among which are questions of environmental destruction and climate change. The module concludes with an emphasis on the need for cross-cultural communication and intercultural understanding for global collaboration to find effective solutions to the problems of our times.

This module will examine a range of genres and forms, and aims to provide students with an insight into motif and interpretation of love and loss by looking at specific selection of texts in English translation (in poetry and prose) by different authors from across the regions of Africa, the Middle East, South and South East Asia, from the ancient times to the present day.

This module offers further instruction in core areas of articulatory phonetics and theoretical phonology, building on the initial treatment of these topics in the first-year module ‘Sound, grammar and meaning in language’. This includes an understanding of the International Phonetic Alphabet, articulatory parameters for vowels and consonants, phonemes vs. allophones, phonological processes, universal and typological processes, sound change, subsegmental representations, suprasegmental representations (tone, syllables and stress).

The module is designed to provide students with a good general introduction to the work of critics and writers who are either from Africa or of African-descent and who examine the historical legacy of Africa and its Diaspora by engaging with such important themes as self-representation and cultural identity. While helping students come to an understanding of how the African experience has been examined and engaged with in terms of the historical vicissitudes of the people of the continent and its Diaspora, the module also aims at helping and encouraging them to develop critical and analytical skills that move away from dominant Eurocentric and Western perspectives.

This is an introductory course to Arabic Culture with focus on the Modern Arab Middle East. On completion of this course, students will have gained basic knowledge of (1) theories and methods of studying culture and (2) history of development of Arabic culture as well as the major cultural institutions in the contemporary Arab World.

This module introduces students to the major aspects of contemporary Middle Eastern fiction from the 20th and 21st century through the theme of race, gender and resistance. It will look at how resistance is expressed in relation to violence, freedom and humour in the fictional world and expressions of where resistance has failed. It will introduce students to postcolonial studies to anchor contemporary critical race and gender critique within literary studies. It will also engage with freedom-fighting narratives as well as intersectional identities of resistance where race, class and gender (among others) come together.

This course offers a transdisciplinary look at contemporary cultural products and cultural modes of production in South and South East Asia. Combining the theoretical framework of British Cultural Studies (Hoggart, Hall, During) with the post-colonial discourses that have underpinned the study of culture in South and South East Asia, the course will explore how particular cultural practices in both regions relate to wider systems of power as embodied in belief systems, ethnicities, caste, national and transnational politics, language, and gender. Working from non-essentialist views of culture as constantly changing sets of practices and processes, the course will seek to introduce the students to reading/readings of cultural texts and use these exercises as engaged approaches to a critical understanding of the cultures of both regions, as well as the continuities and discontinuities between them.

The objective of the Directed Readings module is to provide final year language students with the opportunity to explore readings in an African, Asian or Middle Eastern language, in greater depth and breadth than more traditional lecture-based modules permit. The readings can be focused on a text genre, or a specific area of interest (e.g., literature, history, film, linguistics, politics, culture, or the arts). The student will thereby be able and guided by a supervisor to develop specialisations in accordance with their own academic interests while gaining both insight into new perspectives on the subject, (which may be significantly different from the perspectives to be gained from reading in English), and a deeper understanding of the language in question. Furthermore, students will be able to develop skills of research, analysis, and presentation in preparation for the final assignment. As such, the Directed Readings module will serve as a useful transition between the more structured teaching in undergraduate classrooms and the independence of more research-based projects.

After a brief introduction to the linguistic structure of Prakrit and to its role in Indian literary and religious tradition, some basic grammar exercises will be followed by study of extracts from the Jain narrative text Manipaticarita. This includes verse in both the classical Maharashtri and old Magadhi dialects. Roman script will be used throughout the module.

Prakrit is an important language of Ancient India in literary texts (dramas, anthologies of lyrical poetry, etc.), in inscriptions from the earliest times of writing in India (Asoka, etc.), and in the vast canonical and narrative literature of the Jains. The syllabus of the module will include selected stanzas from Hala's Sattasai as well as excerpts from Classical Indian dramas, exemplifying its use of different Prakrits in prose and poetry; selected Prakrit inscriptions in Kharosthi and Brahmi scripts, exemplifying the earliest Buddhist, Jain, and Hindu historical records of India; and selected passages from important Jaina texts, such as the Ayaranga, Kalpasutra, etc. from the Svetambara canon, and/or Puspadanta's Mahapurana from the Digambara texts.

This module is an introduction to the literary history of Iran and Persian poetry and the different schools of poetry, as well as the major genres related to the mediaeval period, from its origins to c.1500. A selection of poems by well-known poets of the genres of epic, romantic, didactic, spiritual & mystical writing will be read, and discussed.

The module aims to develop students’ language skills through grammar work, translation, prose composition, and conversation at the lower-intermediate level. Previous knowledge of the language is consolidated and developed by further class work on linguistic structures, sentence construction, and conversation. Students are introduced to a wide range of language using diverse materials from contexts such as journalism, literature, recorded conversations, social media and so forth. Regular homework tasks reinforce the class learning, encouraging students to read, write and speak the language with more accuracy and confidence.

The module aims to develop students’ language skills through grammar work, translation, prose composition, and conversation at the intermediate level. Previous knowledge of the language is consolidated and developed by further class work on linguistic structures, sentence construction, and conversation. Students are introduced to a wide range of language using diverse materials from contexts such as journalism, literature, recorded conversations, social media and so forth. Regular homework tasks reinforce the class learning, encouraging students to read, write and speak the language with more accuracy and confidence.

The module aims to develop students’ language skills through grammar work, translation, prose composition, and conversation at the lower-intermediate level. Previous knowledge of the language is consolidated and developed by further class work on linguistic structures, sentence construction, and conversation. Students are introduced to a wide range of language using diverse materials from contexts such as journalism, literature, recorded conversations, social media and so forth. Regular homework tasks reinforce the class learning, encouraging students to read, write and speak the language with more accuracy and confidence.

The module aims to expand upon the level of Amharic attained in Amharic I by exposing students to a variety of different styles of language and language contexts. Through materials drawn from newspapers, magazines, traditional folk-tales and simple fictional literature, students will expand grammatical and vocabulary competence. Skills in using the target language are further enhanced through regular translation and free-composition exercises, as well as regular weekly conversation classes to advance oral and aural skills in the language. Students are also introduced to elementary grammatical description and analysis of the language, and are expected to make use of a prescribed reference grammar.

The module aims to develop students’ language skills through grammar work, translation, prose composition, and conversation at the intermediate level. Previous knowledge of the language is consolidated and developed by further class work on linguistic structures, sentence construction, and conversation. Students are introduced to a wide range of language using diverse materials from contexts such as journalism, literature, recorded conversations, social media and so forth. Regular homework tasks reinforce the class learning, encouraging students to read, write and speak the language with more accuracy and confidence.

The module aims to expand upon the level of Amharic attained in Amharic I by exposing students to a variety of different styles of language and language contexts. Through materials drawn from newspapers, magazines, traditional folk-tales and simple fictional literature, students will expand grammatical and vocabulary competence. Skills in using the target language are further enhanced through regular translation and free-composition exercises, as well as regular weekly conversation classes to advance oral and aural skills in the language. Students are also introduced to elementary grammatical description and analysis of the language, and are expected to make use of a prescribed reference grammar.

The module aims to develop students’ language skills through grammar work, translation, prose composition, and conversation at the intermediate level. Previous knowledge of the language is consolidated and developed by further class work on linguistic structures, sentence construction, and conversation. Students are introduced to a wide range of language using diverse materials from contexts such as journalism, literature, recorded conversations, social media and so forth. Regular homework tasks reinforce the class learning, encouraging students to read, write and speak the language with more accuracy and confidence.

The aim of the module is to deepen the student’s awareness of Swahili through the study of texts, visual and audio productions which belong to, and are produced in, both written and oral contexts. Students will examine the use of language in the society. Themes explored include politics, religion, popular culture, literature and translation. By the end of the module, a student should have acquired an excellent understanding Swahili language and culture.

This module is based on directed studies on a topic agreed with the supervisor. The topic should be related to language policy, language history, cultural background, or linguistic background of a specific language area.

This module is based on directed studies on a topic agreed with the supervisor. The topic should be related to language policy, language history, cultural background, or linguistic background of a specific language area.

This is a basic language acquisition module for students who have already studied the Language A equivalent in the previous term, or who have equivalent knowledge. Students are therefore assumed to have some basic knowledge of the language or its script. This module develops knowledge of some of the several basic constructions of the language, enabling students to develop their skills in reading, writing, comprehension and speaking. Successful students will gain the ability to read and write simple texts, and communicate on everyday topics. Emphasis will be placed on good pronunciation and on the social and linguistic conventions of everyday conversation.

This is a basic language acquisition module for students who have already studied the Language A equivalent in the previous term, or who have equivalent knowledge. Students are therefore assumed to have some basic knowledge of the language or its script. This module develops knowledge of some of the several basic constructions of the language, enabling students to develop their skills in reading, writing, comprehension and speaking. Successful students will gain the ability to read and write simple texts, and communicate on everyday topics. Emphasis will be placed on good pronunciation and on the social and linguistic conventions of everyday conversation.

This is an introductory language acquisition module for absolute beginners in the written and spoken language; students are not assumed to have any previous knowledge of the language or its script. The module covers several basic constructions of the language, enabling students to acquire basic skills in reading, writing, comprehension and speaking. Successful students will gain the ability to read and write short simple texts, and communicate on simple everyday topics. Emphasis will be placed on good pronunciation and on the social and linguistic conventions of everyday conversation.

This is a basic language acquisition module for students who have already studied the language 1A equivalent in the previous term, or who have equivalent knowledge. Students are therefore assumed to have some basic knowledge of the language or its script. This module develops knowledge of some of the several basic constructions of the language, enabling students to develop their skills in reading, writing, comprehension and speaking. Successful students will gain the ability to read and write simple texts, and communicate on everyday topics. Emphasis will be placed on good pronunciation and on the social and linguistic conventions of everyday conversation.

This is a basic introductory language acquisition module for absolute beginners in the written and spoken language; students are not assumed to have any previous knowledge of the language or its script. The module covers several basic constructions of the language, enabling students to acquire basic skills in reading, writing, comprehension and speaking.

This is a basic language acquisition module for students who have already studied the Language A equivalent in the previous term, or who have equivalent knowledge. It develops knowledge of some of the several basic constructions of the language, enabling students to develop their skills in reading, writing, comprehension and speaking.

This module covers several basic constructions of the language, enabling students to acquire basic skills in reading, writing, comprehension and speaking. Successful students will gain the ability to read and write short simple texts, and communicate on simple everyday topics.

This module develops knowledge of some of the several basic constructions of the language, enabling students to develop their skills in reading, writing, comprehension and speaking. Successful students will gain the ability to read and write simple texts, and communicate on everyday topics.

The module covers several basic constructions of the language, enabling students to acquire basic skills in reading, writing, comprehension and speaking. Emphasis will be placed on good pronunciation and on the social and linguistic conventions of everyday conversation.

This module develops knowledge of several basic constructions of the language, enabling students to develop their skills in reading, writing, comprehension and speaking. Emphasis will be placed on good pronunciation and on the social and linguistic conventions of everyday conversation.

This is a basic introductory language acquisition module for absolute beginners in the written and spoken language; students are not assumed to have any previous knowledge of the language. The module covers several basic constructions of the language, enabling students to acquire basic skills in reading, writing, comprehension and speaking. Successful students will gain the ability to read and write short simple texts and communicate on simple everyday topics.

Persian 1 B

Hebrew.

Hebrew.

Bengali Language 1

Bengali Language 1 B

Hindi Language.

The module covers all the major tenses and significant grammatical constructions of the language, enabling successful students to develop their skills in reading, writing, comprehension and speaking.

Urdu Language.

Urdu Language.

This is a basic introductory language acquisition module for absolute beginners in the the language; students are not assumed to have any previous knowledge of the language or its script. The module covers several basic constructions of the language, enabling students to acquire basic skills in reading, writing,and comprehension. Successful students will gain the ability to read simple original texts and to write short simple sentences.

Sanskrit Language 1 B

Indonesian Language.

This module develops knowledge of some of the several basic constructions of the language, enabling students to develop their skills in reading, writing, comprehension and speaking. Successful students will gain the ability to read and write simple texts, and communicate on everyday topics.

Vietnamese Language.

Vietnamese Language.

Burmese Language 1 A

Burmese Language 1 B

The module covers several basic constructions of the language, enabling students to acquire basic skills in reading, writing, comprehension and speaking.

Thai Language.

This is a basic introductory language acquisition module for absolute beginners in the written and spoken language; students are not assumed to have any previous knowledge of the language or its script. The module covers several basic constructions of the language, enabling students to acquire basic skills in reading, writing, comprehension and speaking.

Arabic 1 B

The course provides students with intermediate knowledge of Turkish and practice of using Turkish in a variety of everyday and more specialised situations, including the understanding and expression of opinions and different points of view. Texts for study are selected from newspapers and magazines, scholarly articles and literary works (short stories and excerpts from novels).

The course provides teaching and learning of intermediate level Turkish language with emphasis on practical written and spoken Turkish. The course covers complex points of word and sentence structure as well as textual relations in Turkish writing and discourse.

Ottoman Turkish Language A

Ottoman Turkish Language B

The module provides for the teaching and learning of upper-intermediate level Persian language with emphasis on practical as well as nuanced written and spoken Persian. The course introduces complex sentence structures including conditional sentences, as well as more use of abstract or technical terminology in Persian writing and discourse. By the end of this module students should be able to relate detailed experiences, as well as discuss and understand concrete and abstract topics, in both spoken and written language with ease and confidence.

The course provides for the teaching and learning of lower-intermediate level Persian language with emphasis on practical written and spoken Persian. The course introduces complex sentence structures including relative clauses, as well as more focused use of idiomatic structures in Persian writing and discourse. By the end of this module students should be able to describe experiences, events, plans, hopes and concerns in both spoken and written language with ease and confidence.

Arabic 5 A

This module aims to utilize students' knowledge of syntax to develop their ability in comprehension and grammatical analysis as well as composition and translation into Arabic. The module is based on the reading and discussion of three types of written language: various literary texts, Arabic journalism and selected texts for translation. The module also caters for the oral aspect of language learning.

This is a high advanced language acquisition course.

This is a high advanced language acquisition course.

This module is a continuation of Arabic 1 B. It completes the coverage of the grammar and syntax of Modern Standard Arabic at an intermediate level and trains students in reading, comprehending and writing with the help of a dictionary more complex Arabic sentences and passages.

This module is a continuation of Arabic 2 A. It completes the coverage of the grammar and syntax of Modern Standard Arabic at an intermediate level and trains students in reading, comprehending and writing with the help of a dictionary more complex Arabic sentences and passages.

This is an intermediate language acquisition module, and builds on knowledge acquired in Arabic 1A, Arabic 1B, Arabic 2A, and Arabic 2B. Students study authentic Arabic texts of various writing genres and gain further knowledge of grammar (syntax and structure). The module develops students' competence equally in reading, writing, listening and speaking skills.

This is an upper intermediate language acquisition module that builds on Arabic 3A, providing students with a firmer foundation in Arabic grammar, and training them in the active use of the language through writing exercises that draw on and reinforce a number of skills including knowledge of grammar, syntax, phraseology and general and specialised terminology. Writing skills will also be further built through targeted translation exercises. The module also includes an oral component where students are trained in speaking the colloquial register of the language

This module develops oral, aural, writing and reading proficiency in Modern Hebrew, with equal attention to the colloquial and the formal. All aspects of Hebrew grammar and syntax are introduced, some at a basic level, and vocabulary is enriched and enhanced by the introduction of more complicated texts from different sources and on a variety of topics.

This module develops oral, aural, writing and reading proficiency in Modern Hebrew, with equal attention to the colloquial and the formal. All aspects of Hebrew grammar and syntax are introduced, some at a basic level, and vocabulary is enriched and enhanced by the introduction of more complicated texts from different sources and on a variety of topics.

The module provides for the teaching and learning of upper-intermediate level Persian language with emphasis on practical as well as nuanced written and spoken Persian. The course introduces complex sentence structures including conditional sentences, as well as more use of abstract or technical terminology in Persian writing and discourse.

The module will be focused on the teaching and learning of Persian language at lower-advanced level with emphasis on practically competent aural and oral skills, as well as nuanced writing ability and dexterity in reading comprehension.  

The course will explore complex grammar of formal modern Persian alongside vernacular use of the language through practicing and performing a variety of tasks such as translations of intricate texts, composition and gathering of information from a wide range of material and demonstrating confident spoken interaction and production. 

This course is an introduction to Avestan, the language of the earliest Zoroastrian texts. It is designed to provide students with a clear understanding of the basic principles of the Avestan language in a way that enables them to translate simple Avestan texts and to analyse their grammar. Students who complete the course successfully will be able to handle simple primary sources of the Zoroastrian religion in the original Avestan language.

The objective of the Directed Readings module is to provide final year language students with the opportunity to explore readings in an African, Asian or Middle Eastern language, in greater depth and breadth than more traditional lecture-based modules permit. The readings can be focused on a text genre, or a specific area of interest (e.g., literature, history, film, linguistics, politics, culture, or the arts). The student will thereby be able and guided by a supervisor to develop specialisations in accordance with their own academic interests while gaining both insight into new perspectives on the subject, (which may be significantly different from the perspectives to be gained from reading in English), and a deeper understanding of the language in question. Furthermore, students will be able to develop skills of research, analysis, and presentation in preparation for the final assignment. As such, the Directed Readings module will serve as a useful transition between the more structured teaching in undergraduate classrooms and the independence of more research-based projects.

After a brief introduction to the linguistic structure of Prakrit and to its role in Indian literary and religious tradition, some basic grammar exercises will be followed by study of extracts from the Jain narrative text Manipaticarita. This includes verse in both the classical Maharashtri and old Magadhi dialects. Roman script will be used throughout the module.

Prakrit is an important language of Ancient India in literary texts (dramas, anthologies of lyrical poetry, etc.), in inscriptions from the earliest times of writing in India (Asoka, etc.), and in the vast canonical and narrative literature of the Jains. The syllabus of the module will include selected stanzas from Hala's Sattasai as well as excerpts from Classical Indian dramas, exemplifying its use of different Prakrits in prose and poetry; selected Prakrit inscriptions in Kharosthi and Brahmi scripts, exemplifying the earliest Buddhist, Jain, and Hindu historical records of India; and selected passages from important Jaina texts, such as the Ayaranga, Kalpasutra, etc. from the Svetambara canon, and/or Puspadanta's Mahapurana from the Digambara texts.

This module is an introduction to the literary history of Iran and Persian poetry and the different schools of poetry, as well as the major genres related to the mediaeval period, from its origins to c.1500. A selection of poems by well-known poets of the genres of epic, romantic, didactic, spiritual & mystical writing will be read, and discussed.

The module aims to develop students’ language skills through grammar work, translation, prose composition, and conversation at the lower-intermediate level. Previous knowledge of the language is consolidated and developed by further class work on linguistic structures, sentence construction, and conversation. Students are introduced to a wide range of language using diverse materials from contexts such as journalism, literature, recorded conversations, social media and so forth. Regular homework tasks reinforce the class learning, encouraging students to read, write and speak the language with more accuracy and confidence.

The module aims to develop students’ language skills through grammar work, translation, prose composition, and conversation at the intermediate level. Previous knowledge of the language is consolidated and developed by further class work on linguistic structures, sentence construction, and conversation. Students are introduced to a wide range of language using diverse materials from contexts such as journalism, literature, recorded conversations, social media and so forth. Regular homework tasks reinforce the class learning, encouraging students to read, write and speak the language with more accuracy and confidence.

The module aims to develop students’ language skills through grammar work, translation, prose composition, and conversation at the lower-intermediate level. Previous knowledge of the language is consolidated and developed by further class work on linguistic structures, sentence construction, and conversation. Students are introduced to a wide range of language using diverse materials from contexts such as journalism, literature, recorded conversations, social media and so forth. Regular homework tasks reinforce the class learning, encouraging students to read, write and speak the language with more accuracy and confidence.

The module aims to expand upon the level of Amharic attained in Amharic I by exposing students to a variety of different styles of language and language contexts. Through materials drawn from newspapers, magazines, traditional folk-tales and simple fictional literature, students will expand grammatical and vocabulary competence. Skills in using the target language are further enhanced through regular translation and free-composition exercises, as well as regular weekly conversation classes to advance oral and aural skills in the language. Students are also introduced to elementary grammatical description and analysis of the language, and are expected to make use of a prescribed reference grammar.

The module aims to develop students’ language skills through grammar work, translation, prose composition, and conversation at the intermediate level. Previous knowledge of the language is consolidated and developed by further class work on linguistic structures, sentence construction, and conversation. Students are introduced to a wide range of language using diverse materials from contexts such as journalism, literature, recorded conversations, social media and so forth. Regular homework tasks reinforce the class learning, encouraging students to read, write and speak the language with more accuracy and confidence.

The module aims to expand upon the level of Amharic attained in Amharic I by exposing students to a variety of different styles of language and language contexts. Through materials drawn from newspapers, magazines, traditional folk-tales and simple fictional literature, students will expand grammatical and vocabulary competence. Skills in using the target language are further enhanced through regular translation and free-composition exercises, as well as regular weekly conversation classes to advance oral and aural skills in the language. Students are also introduced to elementary grammatical description and analysis of the language, and are expected to make use of a prescribed reference grammar.

The module aims to develop students’ language skills through grammar work, translation, prose composition, and conversation at the intermediate level. Previous knowledge of the language is consolidated and developed by further class work on linguistic structures, sentence construction, and conversation. Students are introduced to a wide range of language using diverse materials from contexts such as journalism, literature, recorded conversations, social media and so forth. Regular homework tasks reinforce the class learning, encouraging students to read, write and speak the language with more accuracy and confidence.

The aim of the module is to deepen the student’s awareness of Swahili through the study of texts, visual and audio productions which belong to, and are produced in, both written and oral contexts. Students will examine the use of language in the society. Themes explored include politics, religion, popular culture, literature and translation. By the end of the module, a student should have acquired an excellent understanding Swahili language and culture.

This module is based on directed studies on a topic agreed with the supervisor. The topic should be related to language policy, language history, cultural background, or linguistic background of a specific language area.

This module is based on directed studies on a topic agreed with the supervisor. The topic should be related to language policy, language history, cultural background, or linguistic background of a specific language area.

This is a basic language acquisition module for students who have already studied the Language A equivalent in the previous term, or who have equivalent knowledge. Students are therefore assumed to have some basic knowledge of the language or its script. This module develops knowledge of some of the several basic constructions of the language, enabling students to develop their skills in reading, writing, comprehension and speaking. Successful students will gain the ability to read and write simple texts, and communicate on everyday topics. Emphasis will be placed on good pronunciation and on the social and linguistic conventions of everyday conversation.

This is a basic language acquisition module for students who have already studied the Language A equivalent in the previous term, or who have equivalent knowledge. Students are therefore assumed to have some basic knowledge of the language or its script. This module develops knowledge of some of the several basic constructions of the language, enabling students to develop their skills in reading, writing, comprehension and speaking. Successful students will gain the ability to read and write simple texts, and communicate on everyday topics. Emphasis will be placed on good pronunciation and on the social and linguistic conventions of everyday conversation.

This is an introductory language acquisition module for absolute beginners in the written and spoken language; students are not assumed to have any previous knowledge of the language or its script. The module covers several basic constructions of the language, enabling students to acquire basic skills in reading, writing, comprehension and speaking. Successful students will gain the ability to read and write short simple texts, and communicate on simple everyday topics. Emphasis will be placed on good pronunciation and on the social and linguistic conventions of everyday conversation.

This is a basic language acquisition module for students who have already studied the language 1A equivalent in the previous term, or who have equivalent knowledge. Students are therefore assumed to have some basic knowledge of the language or its script. This module develops knowledge of some of the several basic constructions of the language, enabling students to develop their skills in reading, writing, comprehension and speaking. Successful students will gain the ability to read and write simple texts, and communicate on everyday topics. Emphasis will be placed on good pronunciation and on the social and linguistic conventions of everyday conversation.

This is a basic introductory language acquisition module for absolute beginners in the written and spoken language; students are not assumed to have any previous knowledge of the language or its script. The module covers several basic constructions of the language, enabling students to acquire basic skills in reading, writing, comprehension and speaking.

This is a basic language acquisition module for students who have already studied the Language A equivalent in the previous term, or who have equivalent knowledge. It develops knowledge of some of the several basic constructions of the language, enabling students to develop their skills in reading, writing, comprehension and speaking.

This module covers several basic constructions of the language, enabling students to acquire basic skills in reading, writing, comprehension and speaking. Successful students will gain the ability to read and write short simple texts, and communicate on simple everyday topics.

This module develops knowledge of some of the several basic constructions of the language, enabling students to develop their skills in reading, writing, comprehension and speaking. Successful students will gain the ability to read and write simple texts, and communicate on everyday topics.

The module covers several basic constructions of the language, enabling students to acquire basic skills in reading, writing, comprehension and speaking. Emphasis will be placed on good pronunciation and on the social and linguistic conventions of everyday conversation.

This module develops knowledge of several basic constructions of the language, enabling students to develop their skills in reading, writing, comprehension and speaking. Emphasis will be placed on good pronunciation and on the social and linguistic conventions of everyday conversation.

This is a basic introductory language acquisition module for absolute beginners in the written and spoken language; students are not assumed to have any previous knowledge of the language. The module covers several basic constructions of the language, enabling students to acquire basic skills in reading, writing, comprehension and speaking. Successful students will gain the ability to read and write short simple texts and communicate on simple everyday topics.

Persian 1 B

Hebrew.

Hebrew.

Bengali Language 1

Bengali Language 1 B

Hindi Language.

The module covers all the major tenses and significant grammatical constructions of the language, enabling successful students to develop their skills in reading, writing, comprehension and speaking.

Urdu Language.

Urdu Language.

This is a basic introductory language acquisition module for absolute beginners in the the language; students are not assumed to have any previous knowledge of the language or its script. The module covers several basic constructions of the language, enabling students to acquire basic skills in reading, writing,and comprehension. Successful students will gain the ability to read simple original texts and to write short simple sentences.

Sanskrit Language 1 B

Indonesian Language.

This module develops knowledge of some of the several basic constructions of the language, enabling students to develop their skills in reading, writing, comprehension and speaking. Successful students will gain the ability to read and write simple texts, and communicate on everyday topics.

Vietnamese Language.

Vietnamese Language.

Burmese Language 1 A

Burmese Language 1 B

The module covers several basic constructions of the language, enabling students to acquire basic skills in reading, writing, comprehension and speaking.

Thai Language.

This is a basic introductory language acquisition module for absolute beginners in the written and spoken language; students are not assumed to have any previous knowledge of the language or its script. The module covers several basic constructions of the language, enabling students to acquire basic skills in reading, writing, comprehension and speaking.

Arabic 1 B

The course provides students with intermediate knowledge of Turkish and practice of using Turkish in a variety of everyday and more specialised situations, including the understanding and expression of opinions and different points of view. Texts for study are selected from newspapers and magazines, scholarly articles and literary works (short stories and excerpts from novels).

The course provides teaching and learning of intermediate level Turkish language with emphasis on practical written and spoken Turkish. The course covers complex points of word and sentence structure as well as textual relations in Turkish writing and discourse.

Ottoman Turkish Language A

Ottoman Turkish Language B

The module provides for the teaching and learning of upper-intermediate level Persian language with emphasis on practical as well as nuanced written and spoken Persian. The course introduces complex sentence structures including conditional sentences, as well as more use of abstract or technical terminology in Persian writing and discourse. By the end of this module students should be able to relate detailed experiences, as well as discuss and understand concrete and abstract topics, in both spoken and written language with ease and confidence.

The course provides for the teaching and learning of lower-intermediate level Persian language with emphasis on practical written and spoken Persian. The course introduces complex sentence structures including relative clauses, as well as more focused use of idiomatic structures in Persian writing and discourse. By the end of this module students should be able to describe experiences, events, plans, hopes and concerns in both spoken and written language with ease and confidence.

Arabic 5 A

This module aims to utilize students' knowledge of syntax to develop their ability in comprehension and grammatical analysis as well as composition and translation into Arabic. The module is based on the reading and discussion of three types of written language: various literary texts, Arabic journalism and selected texts for translation. The module also caters for the oral aspect of language learning.

This is a high advanced language acquisition course.

This is a high advanced language acquisition course.

This module is a continuation of Arabic 1 B. It completes the coverage of the grammar and syntax of Modern Standard Arabic at an intermediate level and trains students in reading, comprehending and writing with the help of a dictionary more complex Arabic sentences and passages.

This module is a continuation of Arabic 2 A. It completes the coverage of the grammar and syntax of Modern Standard Arabic at an intermediate level and trains students in reading, comprehending and writing with the help of a dictionary more complex Arabic sentences and passages.

This is an intermediate language acquisition module, and builds on knowledge acquired in Arabic 1A, Arabic 1B, Arabic 2A, and Arabic 2B. Students study authentic Arabic texts of various writing genres and gain further knowledge of grammar (syntax and structure). The module develops students' competence equally in reading, writing, listening and speaking skills.

This is an upper intermediate language acquisition module that builds on Arabic 3A, providing students with a firmer foundation in Arabic grammar, and training them in the active use of the language through writing exercises that draw on and reinforce a number of skills including knowledge of grammar, syntax, phraseology and general and specialised terminology. Writing skills will also be further built through targeted translation exercises. The module also includes an oral component where students are trained in speaking the colloquial register of the language

This module develops oral, aural, writing and reading proficiency in Modern Hebrew, with equal attention to the colloquial and the formal. All aspects of Hebrew grammar and syntax are introduced, some at a basic level, and vocabulary is enriched and enhanced by the introduction of more complicated texts from different sources and on a variety of topics.

This module develops oral, aural, writing and reading proficiency in Modern Hebrew, with equal attention to the colloquial and the formal. All aspects of Hebrew grammar and syntax are introduced, some at a basic level, and vocabulary is enriched and enhanced by the introduction of more complicated texts from different sources and on a variety of topics.

The module provides for the teaching and learning of upper-intermediate level Persian language with emphasis on practical as well as nuanced written and spoken Persian. The course introduces complex sentence structures including conditional sentences, as well as more use of abstract or technical terminology in Persian writing and discourse.

The module will be focused on the teaching and learning of Persian language at lower-advanced level with emphasis on practically competent aural and oral skills, as well as nuanced writing ability and dexterity in reading comprehension.  

The course will explore complex grammar of formal modern Persian alongside vernacular use of the language through practicing and performing a variety of tasks such as translations of intricate texts, composition and gathering of information from a wide range of material and demonstrating confident spoken interaction and production. 

This course is an introduction to Avestan, the language of the earliest Zoroastrian texts. It is designed to provide students with a clear understanding of the basic principles of the Avestan language in a way that enables them to translate simple Avestan texts and to analyse their grammar. Students who complete the course successfully will be able to handle simple primary sources of the Zoroastrian religion in the original Avestan language.

This ISP gives students the opportunity to develop specialised knowledge, undertake independent research and write-up on a topic of their choosing under the guidance of an academic supervisor. Students will learn how to organise their independent learning and demonstrate originality, structure, and implement their research, produce literature review, and, where applicable, draw together issues of theory, and methodolog.

This module introduces the practice and principles of audio-visual translation, primarily subtitling. It covers two main components in subtitling - the practical including associated technology and concepts that underpin the practice and general theoretical arguments that surround subtitling as a genre in translation studies. The module provides students with opportunities to practice subtitling, first by translating scripts under subtitling conditions, and then using subtitling software programmes to produce a finished product.  This module also develops students’ independent working abilities by preparing & organising presentations. It is also aimed to help students develop linguistic skills, cultural awareness and subtitling techniques required to work as a screen translator.  

The module gives students a good general introduction to Contemporary African Literature(s) and to demonstrate to them some of the ways in which creative writing in the form of prose narratives, the novel, poetry, drama, etc help create an understanding of the socio-cultural, economic and political issues that define life and existence on the African continent and its diaspora. The module is also meant to help encourage students develop critical and analytical skills that move away from dominant Eurocentric and Western perspectives and to present the teaching, researching, understanding and analysis of Africa from African-centred perspectives.

This module will examine the key issues pertaining to the representation of war, revolution and independence in a selection of literary works in English translation by South East Asian authors. The module will encourage the critical appreciation of literary works, which range from poetry to novels and short stories.

This module examines literature in English about South East Asia and written by South East Asians, taking English as a South East Asian language. It explores issues such as diasporic identity, exile and belonging, linguistic choice, race and communal politics.

The course will offer a survey of films from the Arab world, Turkey, Iran, and Israel, as well as an overview of the historical development of film in the region and a grounding in the socio-cultural contexts in which films have been produced. Films will be analysed aesthetically, with an awareness of multiple aspects of film technique, and meanings will be interrogated through a number of interdisciplinary and theoretical prisms.

There are multiple ways of thinking about resistance. Simply writing about oneself and the space one is not allowed to occupy can be a mode of resistance. Writing about past or present oppression, stirring protest, and imagining alternative futures can also be read as resistance. Cultures of resistance makes us think about what literature, film and other media seeks to do and the silences or censorship it challenges. It directs our attention to forms of injustice, but also to its mode of address, and to its intended and non-intended audiences, as well as it effects. Through narrative, poetic technique, political inclination, subject matter and authorial position, texts highlights the often intersectional dynamics of everyday living and the power structures that shape it. The module will examine an array of examples and forms of cultural texts from South Asia, and may include anticolonial, Dalit, feminist and LGBTQ narratives, political satire in prose, poetry, film, drama, dance and other such forms. 

In this module, selections of Palestinian writings in different genres will be read and analysed as exemplars of literary responses to a situation of alienation and displacement, with particular focus on tradition and innovation, the construction and maintenance of identity, coping strategies and the evolving social function of literature in the context of the current conflict.

This module takes the specific topics of health, well-being, embodiment, resilience, human relations to the environment and questions of climate change and views and analyses them through the lens of culture studies. The module is team taught by lectures with expertise in language-based cultural studies with reference to Asia, Africa and the Middle East, whose research and teaching incorporates a focus on areas of health and well-being such as HIV-AIDS, cancer, Covid-19, public health discourses and their relation to difference cultural perspectives on embodiment. The module interweaves these concerns into the study of the need for human resilience in response to current global crises, first and foremost among which are questions of environmental destruction and climate change. The module concludes with an emphasis on the need for cross-cultural communication and intercultural understanding for global collaboration to find effective solutions to the problems of our times.

This module will examine a range of genres and forms, and aims to provide students with an insight into motif and interpretation of love and loss by looking at specific selection of texts in English translation (in poetry and prose) by different authors from across the regions of Africa, the Middle East, South and South East Asia, from the ancient times to the present day.

This module offers further instruction in core areas of articulatory phonetics and theoretical phonology, building on the initial treatment of these topics in the first-year module ‘Sound, grammar and meaning in language’. This includes an understanding of the International Phonetic Alphabet, articulatory parameters for vowels and consonants, phonemes vs. allophones, phonological processes, universal and typological processes, sound change, subsegmental representations, suprasegmental representations (tone, syllables and stress).