P

o

s

t

g

r

a

d

u

a

t

e

C

e

r

t

i

f

i

c

a

t

e

i

n

F

i

n

a

n

c

i

a

l

S

e

c

t

o

r

M

a

n

a

g

e

m

e

n

t

(

D

i

s

t

a

n

c

e

L

e

a

r

n

i

n

g

)

Welcome to this module on Bank Financial Management. At the outset, it is worth noting that this module has a somewhat more applied feel to it than many other modules in the Master’s and Postgraduate Diploma programme, focusing as it does on the microeconomic problems of financial management of banking firms. This does not mean, however, that the module is devoid of theoretical interest.

Learning outcomes

This module examines the role and importance of bank financial management to the modern bank. It teaches the basic models of financial management taught by University Economics Departments and Business Schools, which were constructed from the experience of mature capitalist economies. The module discusses the various trends shaping banking markets, such as institutionalisation, securitisation, globalisation and concentration.

When you have completed this module, you will be able to:

• discuss trends affecting the whole financial services industry
• assess the implications of change for bank risk management
• outline how the behaviour of banks has been modelled
• identify the risks facing bank financial managers
• explain the need to adapt risk management procedures to an increasingly international financial system
• discuss how interest-rate risk can be managed using hedging activities through the use of financial derivatives and securitization
• explain why funding mix and costs are important to bank management when making loan and investment decisions
• discuss how credit risk and default premiums are assessed and monitored
• analyse the relationship between bank performance and capital adequacy

Tuition and assessment

Students are individually assigned an academic tutor for the duration of the module, with whom you can discuss academic queries at regular intervals during the study session.

You are required to complete two Assignments for this module, which will be marked by your tutor. Assignments are each worth 15% of your total mark. You will be expected to submit your first assignment by the Tuesday of Week 6, and the second assignment at the end of the module, on the Tuesday after Week 10. Assignments are submitted and feedback given online. In addition, queries and problems can be answered through the Virtual Learning Environment.

You will also sit a three-hour examination on a specified date in September/October, worth 70% of your total mark. An up-to-date timetable of examinations is published on the website in July each year.

Study resources

• Study guide: The module study guide is carefully structured to provide the main teaching, defining and exploring the main concepts and issues, locating these within current debate and introducing and linking the assigned readings.
• Key texts: Koch TW & SS MacDonald (2015) Bank Management, 8^th Edition, Cengage Learning.
• Readings: Throughout the module you will be directed to study a selection of readings, including journal articles, book extracts and case studies that are of particular relevance and interest to the topics covered in the module.
• Virtual learning environment: You will have access to the VLE, which is a web-accessed study centre. Via the VLE, you can communicate with your assigned academic tutor, administrators and other students on the module using discussion forums. The VLE also provides access to the module Study Guide and assignments, as well as a selection of electronic journals available on the University of London Online Library.

Study calendar 2022/23

Study calendars are subject to change.

Module overview

Unit 1 Banking Innovations and Risk

• 1.1 Introduction
• 1.2 Bank Management and Bank Financial Management
• 1.3' The good old days': A Simple Balance Sheet View of Banking
• 1.4 The Transformation of Banking – 1970 to 2007
• 1.5 Financial Innovation
• 1.6 Implications of Banking Innovations for Bank Financial Management
• 1.7 An Assessment of Credit Risk Transfer
• 1.8 Conclusion

Unit 2 Bank Accounts: A Useful Tool if Handled with Care

• 2.1 Introduction
• 2.2 The Bank's Balance Sheet: An Introduction
• 2.3 The Bank's Income Statement
• 2.4 Fair Value and Mark-to-Market Accounting: A Hot Topic with Real Potential Effects
• 2.5 Conclusion

Unit 3 Bank Valuation

• 3.1 Introduction
• 3.2 The Functions of Bank Financial Managers
• 3.3 The Risks Facing Bank Financial Managers
• 3.4 The Value of the Banking Firm
• 3.5 The Difference Between Market and Book Value
• 3.6 Performance Analysis Using Financial Ratios
• 3.7 Conclusion

Unit 4 Bank Risk Management – Liquidity Management

• 4.1 Introduction
• 4.2 Bank Risk Management
• 4.3 Concepts of Liquidity and Solvency
• 4.4 Sources of Liquidity
• 4.5 Measuring Banks' Liquidity
• 4.6 Practical Liquidity Management
• 4.7 Payments System Risk and its Potential Impact on Bank Liquidity
• 4.8 Conclusion

Unit 5 Bank Risk Management – Interest Rate Risk Management

• 5.1 Introduction
• 5.2 Interest-Rate Risk Management
• 5.3 GAP Analysis
• 5.4 Duration Analysis
• 5.5 Hedging Interest Rate Risk Off Balance Sheet
• 5.6 Conclusion

Unit 6 Cost of Funds and the Funding of Operations

• 6.1 Introduction
• 6.2 Measuring the Cost of Funds
• 6.3 A Note on the Cost of Capital
• 6.4 Using Cost of Funds Measures
• 6.5 Risks Associated with Raising Funds
• 6.6 Conclusion

Unit 7 Bank Risk Management – Credit Risk

• 7.1 Introduction
• 7.2 Credit Risk
• 7.3 Credit Risk and Default Premiums
• 7.4 Loan Administration: General Procedure
• 7.5 Credit Assessment
• 7.6 Loan Pricing
• 7.7 Problem Loans
• 7.8 Conclusion

Unit 8 Capital Management

• 8.1 Introduction
• 8.2 Basel Accords' Rules and Categories of Bank Capital
• 8.3 Conclusion
• Appendix 8.1 ‘Report for G7 Summit’

Module samples

• M422 Module Introduction (PDF)
• M422 Specimen Examination (PDF)
• M422 Unit 1 (PDF)

Disclaimer

Important notice regarding changes to programmes and modules

Welcome to the Banking Strategy module. The world of banking has changed considerably in recent years, particularly since the crisis of 2007–09. This module aims to give you a good understanding of the characteristics of the financial system and the role of intermediation, as well as the implications of recent structural changes for bank management and external corporate control. You will learn about banks’ sources of funding and how the environment after the 2007–09 crisis transformed their funding choices.

The module also aims to provide an analysis of the factors that can contribute to success or failure in the execution of banks’ mergers and acquisitions (M&A) transactions, and the cultural challenges that may be crucial to the success of an M&A deal involving banks. We hope that your study of the module will enable you to evaluate the business strategy and implementation failings that have given rise to bank failure and to assess the benefits and costs from regulation of the financial services industry, and the net regulatory burden faced by the banking industry.

Learning outcomes

When you have completed your study of this course, you will be able to:

• analyse the particular risks banks are exposed to as a direct result of the intermediation process
• assess the degree to which a bank's strategy may lead to an optimal level of risk, for the bank and for the financial system as a whole
• describe the financial intermediation linkages in a financial system
• analyse patterns of structural change and strategic positioning over cycles of globalisation, deregulation and consolidation
• describe the sources of funding for banks and discuss how they affect banks' profitability and risk
• explain the sources of risk facing banks
• discuss the changing nature of risks facing banks in emerging economies
• explain the causes of the global financial crisis of 2007–09, identifying the features that were unique to this crisis, and those that are common to other crises
• analyse the business models which made some banks especially vulnerable in that crisis
• consider the strategic implications for banks of the regulatory environment.

Tuition and assessment

Students are individually assigned an academic tutor for the duration of the module, with whom you can discuss academic queries at regular intervals during the study session.

You are required to complete two Assignments for this module, which will be marked by your tutor. Assignments are each worth 15% of your total mark. You will be expected to submit your first assignment by the Tuesday of Week 6, and the second assignment at the end of the module, on the Tuesday after Week 10. Assignments are submitted and feedback given online. In addition, queries and problems can be answered through the Virtual Learning Environment.

You will also sit a three-hour examination on a specified date in September/October, worth 70% of your total mark. An up-to-date timetable of examinations is published on the website in July each year.

Study resources

• Study guide: The module study guide is carefully structured to provide the main teaching, defining and exploring the main concepts and issues, locating these within current debate and introducing and linking the assigned readings.
• Key texts: Smith RC, I Walter & G DeLong (2012) Global Banking. 3rd Edition. Oxford University Press.
• Readings: Throughout the module you will be directed to study a selection of readings, including journal articles, book extracts and case studies that are of particular relevance and interest to the topics covered in the module.
• Virtual learning environment: You will have access to the VLE, a web-accessed study centre. Via the VLE, you can communicate with your assigned academic tutor, administrators and other students on the module using discussion forums. The VLE also provides access to the module Study Guide and assignments, as well as a selection of electronic journals available on the University of London Online Library.

Study calendar 2022/23

Study calendars are subject to change.

Module overview

Unit 1 Financial Intermediation – Dynamics and Governance Mechanisms

• 1.1 Introduction
• 1.2 Review of Financial Institutions and Systems
• 1.3 Governance Mechanisms
• 1.4 Core Incentive Problems and the Breakdown of Corporate Governance
• 1.5 Case Study
• 1.6 Conclusions

Unit 2 Strategic Drivers of Structural Change in Global Banking

• 2.1 Introduction
• 2.2 Financial Intermediation Dynamics
• 2.3 Structural Change in Global Banking
• 2.4 The Basics of Banking Strategies – A Simple Strategic Schematic
• 2.5 Drivers of Strategic Strengths and Weakness
• 2.6 Case Study
• 2.7 Conclusion

Unit 3 Strategy and Strategic Positioning

• 3.1 Introduction
• 3.2 A Tool for Strategic Thinking – The C-A-P Model
• 3.3 Globalisation, Regulation and Consolidation
• 3.4 Specialist versus Universal Banks
• 3.5 Sources of Competitive Advantage
• 3.6 Strategic Choices
• 3.7 Case Study
• 3.8 Conclusion

Unit 4 Acquisition and Use of Funds

• 4.1 Introduction
• 4.2 Sources of Bank Funding
• 4.3 Disintermediation and Competition from Non-bank Participants
• 4.4 Funding Models Before, During and After the 2007–09 Crisis
• 4.5 Case Study
• 4.6 Conclusion

Unit 5 Banks' International M&A Deals

• 5.1 Introduction
• 5.2 Reasons for M&A Transactions
• 5.3 Consequences of M&A Transactions
• 5.4 Financing M&A Transactions
• 5.5 Case Studies
• 5.6 Feedback on the Case Studies
• 5.7 Conclusion

Unit 6 Managing Bank Risk

• 6.1 Introduction
• 6.2 Risks Facing Banks
• 6.3 Management of Bank Risks
• 6.4 The Changing Nature of the Risks Facing Banks
• 6.5 Case Studies
• 6.6 Feedback on the Case Studies
• 6.7 Conclusions

Unit 7 Business Models and Systemic Risk

• 7.1 Introduction
• 7.2 Financial Crisis
• 7.3 Business Models
• 7.4 Risk Management Lessons from the 2007–09 Financial Crisis
• 7.5 The Future Shape of Banks
• 7.6 Case Studies
• 7.7 Feedback on the Case Studies
• 7.8 Conclusion

Unit 8 Dealing with Regulatory and Compliance Issues

• 8.1 Introduction
• 8.2 Contradictions and Trade-Offs in Regulation
• 8.3 Regulatory Options
• 8.4 Financial and Market Supervision
• 8.5 Regulation after 2007–09
• 8.6 Case Study
• 8.7 Conclusion

Module samples

• M466 Module Introduction (PDF)
• M466 Specimen Examination (PDF)
• M466 Unit 1 (PDF)

Disclaimer

Important notice regarding changes to programmes and modules

It is widely recognised by academic economists and policymakers that developed and efficient banking and capital markets are an important prerequisite for economic growth. However, it is also recognised that banking and financial crises can cause abrupt slowdowns or reversals of growth. The drive to understand these phenomena has generated a large body of research, leading to new theories and empirical studies of key features of banking and capital markets. This literature provides the underpinning for the subject material of this module.

Learning outcomes

When you have completed your study of this module, you will be able to:

• explain the functions of financial intermediaries, and evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of bank-oriented and market-oriented financial systems.
• critically evaluate theories of the banking firm which focus on the role of the bank as a provider of liquidity insurance for depositors, and as a delegated monitor of borrowers.
• explain the methods available to a bank to manage credit risk, interest rate risk, market risk and liquidity risk.
• explain why credit markets may fail to clear, and critically evaluate theories of credit rationing and overlending.
• discuss the methods used by shadow banking institutions to raise finance, and the risks to financial stability presented by shadow banking.
• critically evaluate methods for measuring the efficiency of banks, and the intensity of competition in deposits and loans markets.
• explain how a loss of depositor confidence, and asset price bubbles, can trigger banking and financial crises.
• critically evaluate the effectiveness of regulatory arrangements for the banking industry in promoting financial stability.

Tuition and assessment

Students are individually assigned an academic tutor for the duration of the module, with whom you can discuss academic queries at regular intervals during the study session.

You are required to complete two Assignments for this module, which will be marked by your tutor. Assignments are each worth 15% of your total mark. You will be expected to submit your first assignment by the Tuesday of Week 6, and the second assignment at the end of the module, on the Tuesday after Week 10. Assignments are submitted and feedback given online. In addition, queries and problems can be answered through the Virtual Learning Environment.

You will also sit a three-hour examination on a specified date in September/October, worth 70% of your total mark. An up-to-date timetable of examinations is published on the website in July each year.

Study resources

• Study guide: The module study guide is carefully structured to provide the main teaching, defining and exploring the main concepts and issues, locating these within current debate and introducing and linking the assigned readings.
• Key texts: Matthews K and J Thompson (2014) The Economics of Banking. 3rd Edition. Chichester UK: John Wiley & Sons.
  Freixas X and J-C Rochet (2008) Microeconomics of Banking. 2nd Edition. Cambridge MA: The MIT Press.
• Readings: Throughout the module you will be directed to study a selection of readings, including journal articles, book extracts and case studies that are of particular relevance and interest to the topics covered in the module.
• Virtual learning environment: You will have access to the VLE, a web-accessed study centre. Via the VLE, you can communicate with your assigned academic tutor, administrators and other students on the module using discussion forums. The VLE also provides access to the module Study Guide and assignments, as well as a selection of electronic journals available on the University of London Online Library.

Study calendar 2022/23

Study calendars are subject to change.

Module overview

Unit 1 Banks and Financial Markets

• 1.1 Introduction
• 1.2 Financial Intermediaries, Financial Markets, and the Flow of Funds
• 1.3 The Financial System and the Flow of Funds
• 1.4 Comparative Financial Systems
• 1.5 Law, Politics and Financial Systems
• 1.6 Bank-oriented versus Market-oriented Financial Systems
• 1.7 Conclusion

Unit 2 Financial Intermediation

• 2.1 Introduction
• 2.2 Principles of Financial Intermediation
• 2.3 Financial Intermediation and Transaction Costs
• 2.4 The Financial Intermediary as a Means of Alleviating Asymmetric Information Problems
• 2.5 The Financial Intermediary as a Liquidity Insurer for Depositors
• 2.6 Conclusion

Unit 3 Risk Management

• 3.1 Introduction
• 3.2 Interest Rate Risk
• 3.3 Market Risk
• 3.4 Credit Risk
• 3.5 Liquidity Risk
• 3.6 Conclusion

Unit 4 Credit Rationing

• 4.1 Introduction
• 4.2 Financial Repression
• 4.3 Credit Rationing due to Adverse Selection: The Stiglitz–Weiss Model
• 4.4 Over-lending
• 4.5 Credit Rationing due to Moral Hazard
• 4.6 Conclusion

Unit 5 Shadow Banking and Securitisation

• 5.1 Introduction
• 5.2 Shadow Banking: Entity-based Classification
• 5.3 Shadow Banking: Activity-based Classification
• 5.4 Traditional Banking and Shadow Banking
• 5.5 The Role of Shadow Banking in the Global Financial Crisis 2007–09
• 5.6 Regulation of Shadow Banking
• 5.7 Conclusion

Unit 6 Competition and Efficiency in Banking Markets

• 6.1 Introduction
• 6.2 The Theory of the Banking Firm
• 6.3 Measures of Competition in Banking
• 6.4 The Structure-Conduct-Performance Paradigm
• 6.5 The New Empirical Industrial Organisation
• 6.6 Measures of Banking Efficiency
• 6.7 Mergers and Acquisitions in Banking
• 6.8 Conclusion

Unit 7 Banking and Financial Crises

• 7.1 Introduction
• 7.2 Bank Runs in the Diamond and Dybvig Model
• 7.3 The Asian Financial Crisis 1997–98
• 7.4 Risk-shifting and Asset Price Bubbles
• 7.5 The Global Financial Crisis 2007–09
• 7.6 Deposit Insurance and Moral Hazard
• 7.7 Conclusion

Unit 8 Bank Regulation

• 8.1 Introduction
• 8.2 Systemic Risk
• 8.3 Lender of Last Resort
• 8.4 Deposit Insurance
• 8.5 Risk-adjusted Capital Adequacy Requirements
• 8.6 Stress Testing
• 8.7 Conclusion

Module samples

• M426 Module introduction (PDF)
• M426 Specimen examination (PDF)
• M426 Unit 1 (PDF)

Disclaimer

Important notice regarding changes to programmes and modules

In this module you will study the main issues in modern corporate finance. The subject ‘corporate finance’ is a well-established discipline, which is concerned with corporations large enough to have issued shares that are ‘quoted’ on a stock market. We must, though, first clarify what we mean by the main issues, for the issues that are important to one person may be viewed as less important by others.

Learning outcomes

When you have completed your study of this module you will be able to:

• describe modern principles of corporate finance and evaluate their validity
• rationalise corporate finance decisions in the light of agency problems and conflict of interest among corporations' stakeholders
• analyse firms' investment decisions
• discuss firms' choice of capital structure and its implications for the value of the firm
• examine and discuss the key issues related to dividend policy and their implications for the value of the firm
• critically assess the reasons behind mergers and acquisitions and their welfare implications.

Tuition and assessment

Students are individually assigned an academic tutor for the duration of the module, with whom you can discuss academic queries at regular intervals during the study session.

You are required to complete two Assignments for this module, which will be marked by your tutor. Assignments are each worth 15% of your total mark. You will be expected to submit your first assignment by the Tuesday of Week 6, and the second assignment at the end of the module, on the Tuesday after Week 10. Assignments are submitted and feedback given online. In addition, queries and problems can be answered through the Virtual Learning Environment.

You will also sit a three-hour examination on a specified date in September/October, worth 70% of your total mark. An up-to-date timetable of examinations is published on the website in July each year.

Study resources

• Study guide: The module study guide is carefully structured to provide the main teaching, defining and exploring the main concepts and issues, locating these within current debate and introducing and linking the assigned readings.
• Key texts: Hillier D, S Ross, R Westerfield, J Jaffe, & B Jordan (2021) Corporate Finance. 4th Edition. McGraw-Hill Education.
• Readings: Throughout the module you will be directed to study a selection of readings, including journal articles, book extracts and case studies that are of particular relevance and interest to the topics covered in the module.
• Excel worksheets: Worksheet exercises are available to download on the VLE.
  Virtual learning environment: You will have access to the VLE, a web-accessed study centre. Via the VLE, you can communicate with your assigned academic tutor, administrators and other students on the module using discussion forums. The VLE also provides access to the module Study Guide and assignments, as well as a selection of electronic journals available on the University of London Online Library.

Study calendar 2022/23

Study calendars are subject to change.

Module overview

Unit 1 Perspectives on Corporate Finance

• 1.1 Introduction
• 1.2 Core Theories of Corporate Finance
• 1.3 Key Questions in Corporate Finance
• 1.4 The Objective of the Firm
• 1.5 Agency Problems
• 1.6 Conflict between Shareholders and Bondholders
• 1.7 Conclusion

Unit 2 Net Present Value and Capital Budgeting Decisions

• 2.1 Introduction to Capital Budgeting Decisions
• 2.2 Investment Principles and Net Present Value
• 2.3 Capital Budgeting Decisions
• 2.4 Analysing a Project – A Mini Case
• 2.5 Sensitivity and Scenario Analysis

Unit 3 Return, Risk, Portfolio and Asset Pricing Models

• 3.1 Introduction
• 3.2 Expected Return and Risk
• 3.3 How is the Equilibrium Return on Risky Assets Determined? – The Capital Asset Pricing Model
• 3.4 A More General Model: the Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT)
• 3.5 Conclusion

Unit 4 Issues in Modern Finance: the CAPM, Efficient Market Hypothesis and Behaviour Finance

• 4.1 Introduction
• 4.2 The Use of CAPM for Calculating the Cost of Capital for Risky Projects
• 4.3 Efficient Capital Markets
• 4.4 Weak, Semi-strong and Strong Forms of Efficiency
• 4.5 Anomalies – Are they Meant to be Extinct?
• 4.6 Implications for Corporate Financing Decisions
• 4.7 Conclusion

Unit 5 Dividend Policy

• 5.1 Introduction
• 5.2 Empirical Evidence on Dividend Policy
• 5.3 The Irrelevance of Dividend Policy
• 5.4 Taxes Can Make Dividend Policy Matter
• 5.5 Asymmetric Information and Signalling
• 5.6 Dividend Policy and Agency Costs
• 5.7 Is There an Optimal Dividend Policy?

Unit 6 Capital Structure I

• 6.1 Introduction – How Much Debt Should the Firm Issue?
• 6.2 The Debt-Equity Irrelevance Theorem
• 6.3 Corporate and Personal Taxes
• 6.4 Effects of Bankruptcy Costs
• 6.5 Implications and Limitations of the Trade-off Theory of Optimal Capital Structure
• 6.6 Conclusion

Unit 7 Capital Structure II: Information Asymmetries and Agency Costs

• 7.1 Introduction
• 7.2 Asymmetric Information Explanations of Capital Structure
• 7.3 Minimising the Agency Costs of Equity and Debt
• 7.4 Conclusion

Unit 8 Mergers

• 8.1 Introduction
• 8.2 Merger Gains and the Sources of Gain
• 8.3 Rationale for Mergres to Take Place
• 8.4 Forms of Takeover
• 8.5 Some Stylised Facts about Merger Activity
• 8.6 Review of the Unit's Questions

Module samples

• M421 Module introduction (PDF)
• M421 Specimen examination (PDF)
• M421 Unit 1 (PDF)

Disclaimer

Important notice regarding changes to programmes and modules

The starting point for understanding any financial market is that, on a large scale, firms and governments have to turn to institutions (such as banks) and markets (such as bond markets) to finance their core operations. Even if a government or firm currently has no need to borrow or obtain new capital funds, it operates on financial markets to manage its old financial liabilities (such as its outstanding bonds which are traded on markets) or to invest currently surplus funds. At the same time, banks and other financial institutions essentially operate on financial markets as their main business activity.

The fundamental fact underlying this module is that such large players’ financial operations take place on financial markets that are international in character. That is especially true now that, since the 1970s, economies have experienced a fast pace of globalisation. For centuries firms’ and governments’ financial operations have generally involved an international dimension, but modern globalisation has been accompanied by changes in both its scale and its character.

You will study a variety of theories throughout the module, which seek to explain the ways in which finance is handled internationally. One question we want you to keep in mind throughout your study of is: ‘Is the theory true?’ Whatever your answer, your next step should be to consider the related, but different question ‘Is the theory useful?’

Learning outcomes

When you have completed your study of this module you will be able to:

• explain the nature of an exchange rate regime, and assess the future evolution of such regimes
• identify and discuss drivers of the growth of the global foreign exchange market
• explain the nature of exchange rate quotations
• discuss the foreign exchange market microstructure
• interpret balance of payments accounts
• use purchasing power parity measures of gross domestic product (GDP)
• explain the law of one price
• assess the uses of absolute purchasing power parity and relative purchasing power parity
• explain how firms can use currency derivatives to manage risks through hedging
• discuss what determines whether firms do use currency derivatives for hedging
• discuss models and empirical evidence on the difference between the beta coefficient of multinational enterprises as compared with domestic firms
• outline evidence on the connection between agency costs and the capital structure of multinational enterprises
• explain the main features of 'third generation' models of currency crises
• discuss the effects of regulatory regimes on firms' choice of stock exchange for their foreign listings
• explain the differences and relative merits of project finance compared to corporate finance as methods of raising international finance
• compare them with the main features of first and second generation models

Tuition and assessment

Students are individually assigned an academic tutor for the duration of the module, with whom you can discuss academic queries at regular intervals during the study session.

You are required to complete two Assignments for this module, which will be marked by your tutor. Assignments are each worth 15% of your total mark. You will be expected to submit your first assignment by the Tuesday of Week 6, and the second assignment at the end of the module, on the Tuesday after Week 10. Assignments are submitted and feedback given online. In addition, queries and problems can be answered through the Virtual Learning Environment.

You will also sit a three-hour examination on a specified date in September/October, worth 70% of your total mark. An up-to-date timetable of examinations is published on the website in July each year.

Study resources

• Study guide: The module study guide is carefully structured to provide the main teaching, defining and exploring the main concepts and issues, locating these within current debate and introducing and linking the assigned readings.
• Key texts: Eiteman DK, AI Stonehill & MH Moffett (2021) Multinational Business Finance. 15th (Global) Edition. Pearson Higher Education.
• Readings: Throughout the module you will be directed to study a selection of readings, including journal articles, book extracts and case studies that are of particular relevance and interest to the topics covered in the module.
• Virtual learning environment: You will have access to the VLE, a web-accessed study centre. Via the VLE, you can communicate with your assigned academic tutor, administrators and other students on the module using discussion forums. The VLE also provides access to the module Study Guide and assignments, as well as a selection of electronic journals available on the University of London Online Library.

Study calendar 2022/23

Study calendars are subject to change.

Module overview

Unit 1 The International Context of Finance

• 1.1 Exchange Rate Regimes
• 1.2 Fixed and Floating Exchange Rates
• 1.3 Exchange Rate Regimes – a Bipolar Future?
• 1.4 Recent Examples of Hard Pegs and Intermediate Regimes
• 1.5 A New Bretton Woods System?
• 1.6 Conclusion

Unit 2 The Markets for Foreign Exchange

• 2.1 A Global Twenty-Four-Hour Market
• 2.2 The Mechanics of the Foreign Exchange Market
• 2.3 Hedging Techniques
• 2.4 Market Microstructure
• 2.5 Conclusion

Unit 3 Exchange Rates and Prices

• 3.1 Introduction
• 3.2 The Balance of Payments
• 3.3 A Standard for Measuring Economies
• 3.4 Purchasing Power Parity Theory
• 3.5 The Big Mac Measure
• 3.6 Empirical Evidence – Short-Run Deviations from Purchasing Power Parity
• 3.7 Conclusion

Unit 4 Exchange Rates and Interest Rates

• 4.1 Introduction
• 4.2 Interest Rates and Exchange Rates
• 4.3 Interest Rate Parity
• 4.4 Conclusion

Unit 5 Managing Foreign Exchange Exposure

• 5.1 Introduction
• 5.2 Types of Risk Exposures and Their Management
• 5.3 Financial Firms' Management of Currency Exposure
• 5.4 Empirical Studies on Currency Hedging
• 5.5 Conclusion

Unit 6 International Corporate Finance and Project Finance

• 6.1 Introduction
• 6.2 Corporate Finance – Going International
• 6.3 Corporate Finance – International Equity Markets
• 6.4 International Bond Issues
• 6.5 How Diversification Affects Firms' Financial Needs
• 6.6 More Reading and a Conclusion

Unit 7 Capital Structure and Cost of Capital in International Financing

• 7.1 Introduction
• 7.2 How International Financing Affects Firms' Costs
• 7.3 Does Localisation Matter?
• 7.4 Conclusion

Unit 8 Tax Policies of Multinationals

• 8.1 Introduction
• 8.2 International Tax Environment
• 8.3 T ax Arbitrage
• 8.4 Conclusion

Module samples

• M442 Module Introduction (PDF)
• M442 Specimen Examination (PDF)
• M442 Unit 1 (PDF)

Disclaimer

Important notice regarding changes to programmes and modules